Increase in the value of an investment reflected in the higher selling price.

The tax paid on any profit or gain made by selling something for more than it was bought.

The profit made on the sale of investments, such as shares or property.

Money invested typically in buildings and machinery.

Typically a stock market index (for example, the Sensex, Nifty) against which an investment fund compares its performance and mix of assets.

An investor who expects share prices to fall or, more generally, has a pessimistic outlook about the market. A bear market is a period of falling share prices.